Mohyeddin Orucov is a civil rights activist. In the past, he was persecuted by the government for his criticism of President Aliyev. On October 18, 2023, Orucov was allegedly summoned and beaten in the 32nd police station of the Surakhani District Police Department in retaliation for his critical Facebook post. The Surakhani District Court sentenced him to 30 days of administrative arrest and a fine of 200 manats.

On December 13, 2023, the Surakhani District police department detained Orucov under charges of large-scale drug trafficking. After arrest, his whereabouts were unknown to his family. On December 15, 2023, the Surakhani District Court remanded him for four months of pre-trial detention. His mother alleged he was threatened when detained and police attempted to coerce him to admit guilt.  In pre-trial detention, Orucov complained about the limitations of his phone calls. On January 29, 2024, the Baku Appeal Court overruled the first instance court’s decision and restored Orucov’s right to phone calls and family visits. 

In the pre-trial detention center, Orucov is housed with 19 other inmates in a cell built for ten people, conditions which exacerbate his kidney illness.

Orucov’s pre-trial detention was extended until June 13, 2024. After another month of pre-trial detention, the Baku Court of Serious Crimes began Orujov's trial on July 24, 2024. Even though the court was open to the public, only Orucov's mother was permitted to enter the courtroom. In court, he was kept handcuffed in the glass box.